The Uk Central Bank - 1330 Words

Summary It is known that the UK central bank has given more attention toward inflation rate than unemployment rate. Due to the recession in year 2008, the quantitative easing has been implemented and both inflation and unemployment rates target have been achieved. Recently, the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) has voted to maintain the interest rate at 0.5% to attain price stability and to focus on maintaining inflation rather than unemployment. Contradictory, this has subsequently led to a downward trend of the unemployment rate. The unemployment rate is not too high compared to other countries but they are still an issue that needs to be acknowledge. The government may tackle the issue by adjusting the target for inflation and unemployment that will bring UK economy to its full potential. Introduction After the economic recession in 2008, the Bank of England(BoE)’s MPC had chosen to practice quantitative easing (QE) in March 2009 which is lowering the bank rate to 0.5%. This form of monetary policy is chosen as the solution by aiming price stability, economic growth and reach the inflation target of 2% (Bank of England). According to the Office for National Statistics (ONS), UK’s current inflation rate, Consumer Prices Index (CPI) stands at -0.1% as at September 2015 and the unemployment rate has decreased by 0.3% from (April-June 2015) to 5.3% (July-September 2015) while the employment rate, for those working at the age from 16 and 64 was 73.7% for July to SeptemberShow MoreRelatedModels of Determination of Interest Rates Essay1634 Words   |  7 Pagesgreat impact on different areas in the economy and it is crucial to understand what determines it and how it would affect the world. This paper presents a general analysis of models of determinations s of interest rate, which are relevant to the UK economy. Thereafter, the effects of changes in IR to the economy growth will be examined. Then a conclusion will be drawn to generate the key points the paper has mentioned. Out of all, state of economy is the fundamental parameters of IR. (ToewsRead MoreExchange Rate Movements1376 Words   |  6 PagesFIN340 304 Tutorial week 3 Questions 1. How can a central bank use direct intervention to change the value of a currency? Explain why a central bank may desire to smooth exchange rate movements of its currency.. 2. Should the governments of Asian countries allow their currencies to float freely? What would be the advantages of letting their currencies float freely? What would be the disadvantages? 3. What is the impact of a weak home currency on the home economy, other thingsRead MoreLaws Providing For Parallel Islamic Banking Systems: In most jurisdictions where Islamic banks1000 Words   |  4 PagesBanking Systems: In most jurisdictions where Islamic banks operate, they have to compete with conventional banks involved in interest-based borrowing and lending. The legal framework governing the licensing of banks and their regulation was designed primarily for conventional institu ¬tions, not least as there were no Islamic banks in existence in most cases when the banking laws were drafted. Three choices therefore arise: firstly, whether Islamic banks can be accommodated within existing legal provisionRead MoreMonetary And Sustainable Development : Uk Governments Have Pursued From The Credit Crunch1540 Words   |  7 Pagesobjectives which UK governments have pursued from the credit crunch of 2008 up to the present time. The credit crunch in 2008 was caused by irresponsible mortgage lending by banks. High-risk loans were made to people who were at considerable risk of not being able to repay them. These loans were then packaged together and sold on in to the investment market. Investors bought the safer tranches because they trusted the triple-A credit ratings assigned by agencies that were paid by the banks who were farRead MoreSmall Business Credit1589 Words   |  7 Pages 1) Introduction We have done our best for the UK economy; key statics show our performance over the period of our regime. In 2007, when we took over sovereign debt crisis were knocking at our doorsteps. We needed to introduce new banking reforms to kick back that double dip financial recession and to retrieve our economy. We have changed our lending pattern to save taxpayers money to boost our economy. Key reforms are as follows 2) Provision of small business credit. a) Department of businessRead MoreQuantitative Easing Is Defined As The Expansion Of Central Bank Balance Sheet Essay1618 Words   |  7 Pagesexpansion of Central Bank Balance sheet (Bernanke and Reinhart 2004) in order to stimulate the economy via the purchase assets financed by the creation of central bank reserves, such as government bonds, T-bills and mortgage and exchanging for reserves, since the bank rate has been reduced below the effective level, for instance, Bank of England has cut its bank rate in a sequence of steps from 5% in October 2008 to 0.5% in March 2009 and further to 0.25% recently. The Central Bank usually proceedRead MoreEffects Of The Great Recession On The United Kingdom Essay1405 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough the traditional banking model. Though mortgage lenders in the UK had many more controls in place to help avoid selling these bad mortgages, the largest banks faced a large amount of turbulence. The debt bundles created by the United States mortgage companies were sold out to many large European banks. From doing this, the banks of Europe acquired the responsibility for losses occurring within the US housing market. The bank of Northern Rock was specifically hurt during this credit crunch becauseRead MoreCommercial Properties Of Commercial Property Development1349 Words   |  6 Pagesless attractive investment. In this paper, the state of commercial property in the last 8 years in London will be examined. Furthermore the drivers for commercial property development will be analysed in detail. At the beginning of the millennium, the UK introduced Business Improvement Districts (BIDs) that aim to improve the area in which it operates by carrying out various projects. The process of the BIDs and their effect on the c ommercial property market in London will also be explored. FurthermoreRead MoreThe Global Economy Has Affected Those Polices1412 Words   |  6 Pagespolices. UK Governments have used many policies to help stimulate the credit crunch of 2008-2009, bringing many advantages and disadvantages to the UK. On September 15th 2008 the collapse of the Lehman brothers filed for bankruptcy. The filing was the largest in history with $619 billion in debt. This involved a huge reduction in the availability of credit, pushing the economy into recession. America lost 5.4m jobs from September 2008 to April 2009 causing the collapse of inter-bank lendingRead MoreMonetary Policy: The Forward Guidance Rationale1556 Words   |  6 Pages The Forward Guidance Rationale Forward Guidance is an unconventional monetary policy used by the central bank to provide path for future interest rates to individuals and businesses. Recently, the Bank of England has adopted this policy. In this essay, we will explain the rationale behind the use of this policy with the help of IS-LM model along with AD-AS model. The IS-LM model explains the relationship between interest and income level and changes in equilibrium level through

“Letter from a Birmingham Jail” Dr. Martin Luther Free Essays

In his â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. challenges the preconceived notions of his fellow clergymen and argues that â€Å"injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† Dr. Martin Luther or any similar topic only for you Order Now †Ã‚   (King, 1963). Dr. King had been chastised by a number of clergy in Birmingham as an outside agitator stirring up trouble in their city. Early on, he explained his idea that no citizen of the United States can be considered an agitator when protesting or acting with regard to something else happening with the country’s borders. Furthermore, King argues that what happens in Birmingham affects Atlanta and Washington, D.C. and New York City.   In many ways, he was arguing the idea of globalization and world conscious long before they became buzz words and the way of the world. King argued that as a member of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference he had no option other than to fight for social justice throughout the South. After justifying himself to the other clergy, King explains why the demonstrations for which he was arrested are taking place in Birmingham.   In gentle rebuke, he points out that the clergymen have condemned the conditions that resulted because of the protest but have never taken time to rebuke the conditions that required the demonstrations take place. â€Å"Birmingham is probably the most thoroughly segregated city in the United States. Its ugly record of brutality is widely known. Negroes have experienced grossly unjust treatment in the courts. There have been more unsolved bombings of Negro homes and churches in Birmingham than in any other city in the nation. These are the hard, brutal facts of the case, â€Å"King wrote (King 1963). Despite those conditions, leaders within the African American community approached city leaders attempting to find a path to social justice via the law.   They were humored and strung along by the establishment, but never did the city try to make any good faith effort to try to change the conditions. And, at the time of King’s letter, being born an African American in Alabama in general and Birmingham in particular virtually guaranteed a lack of rights.   â€Å"Then, last September, came the opportunity to talk with leaders of Birmingham’s economic community. In the course of the negotiations, certain promises were made by the merchants — for example, to remove the stores humiliating racial signs. On the basis of these promises, the Reverend Fred Shuttles worth and the leaders of the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights agreed to a moratorium on all demonstrations. As the weeks and months went by, we realized that we were the victims of a broken promi se. A few signs, briefly removed, returned; the others remained.† (King, 1963). The signs were the overt racism inherent in Birmingham, but the roots in the region went much deeper. African Americans were consistently denied the right to vote, sometimes to the point that in counties where the majority of the population was black, not a single African American was registered to vote. King argues clearly that these maneuvers to hold people back from racial equality were often being done within the confines of the law and that was a problem in and of it. He   further argues that taking direct action will spur the community toward negotiation and an effort to change. â€Å"Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such a crisis and foster such a tension that a community which has constantly refused to negotiate is forced to confront the issue. It seeks so to dramatize the issue that it can no longer be ignored.† (King, 1963)   If no action is taken, King agues, then the status quo does not change. People are not prompted to change, or even to negotiate for improvement if there is no impetus for their effort. â€Å"The purpose of our direct-action program is to create a situation so crisis-packed that it will inevitably open the door to negotiation. I therefore concur with you in your call for negotiation. Too long has our beloved South land been bogged down in a tragic effort to live in monologue rather than dialogue.† (King, 1963). It is important to note that throughout his call to action, King reiterates that the direct actions should be non-violent designed to make people uncomfortable and disrupt daily routines, not aggressive or threatening. He answers complaints that the protest came too soon after a city election for the newly elected government to have any impact on the old ways. The problem with waiting for someone to take action is that you are always waiting and nothing changes.   â€Å"The only answer that I can give to this query is that the new Birmingham administration must be prodded about as much as the outgoing one, before it will act. We are sadly mistaken if we feel that the election of Albert Boutwell as mayor. will bring the millennium to Birmingham. While Mr. Boutwell is a much more gentle person than Mr. Connor, they are both segregationists, dedicated to maintenance of the status quo. (King, 1963). King points to the emerging nations of the world, able to fight for their freedom from colonial oppressors and get it, and then remarks at the â€Å"horse and buggy† pace the United States is making within her own borders to promote equality (King, 1963). â€Å"Perhaps it is easy for those who have never felt the stinging dark of segregation to say, â€Å"Wait.†(King, 1963)† He justifies his actions in terms of the law. This is perhaps the most powerful of King’s arguments outside the â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech. It sets the tone for his later work and justifies the Civil Rights Movement in one fell swoop.   â€Å"Since we so diligently urge people to obey the Supreme Court’s decision of 1954 outlawing segregation in the public schools, at first glance it may seem rather paradoxical for us consciously to break laws. One may won ask: â€Å"How can you advocate breaking some laws and obeying others?† The answer lies in the fact that there fire two types of laws: just and unjust. I would be the Brat to advocate obeying just laws. One has not only a legal but a moral responsibility to obey just laws. Conversely, one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws. I would agree with St. Augustine that â€Å"an unjust law is no law at all† (King, 1963). In this short passage, King makes an eloquent and accurate plea for civil disobedience and encourages people to take the action needed to make a difference with regard to changing the law.   His argument is that sometimes the law is simply so unjust that if a person does not take radical action to change the law, he is supporting injustice. The idea that a law could be justly applied but be inherently unjust was illogical, he argued. â€Å"An unjust law is a code that a numerical or power majority group compels a minority group to obey but does not make binding on itself. This is difference made legal. By the same token, a just law is a code that a majority compels a minority to follow and that it is willing to follow itself. This is sameness made legal.† (King, 1963). He further argues that the type of civil disobedience he is recommending was first practiced in biblical times by Shadrach and his compatriots when they faced the lion’s den rather than renouncing their faith. He then goes on to chastise the church leadership for their inaction and lack of support for the African American community. â€Å"Let me take note of my other major disappointment. I have been so greatly disappointed with the white church and its leadership.† (King, 1963).   He argues that the church should in supporting core Christian values work toward the development of equality for all people and that in failing to do so they have ignored their Christian duty. King’s letter was intended as an answer to critics, a reply to those who did not understand the reality of the Southern African American and the way that they were being discriminated against.   Instead, it served as an outline for social justice and for achieving equality. By detailing how and why people of color and white Americans should stand together to fight for equality, he took the effort for equality out of the streets and back alleys to the headlines. His definitions regarding an unjust law made the difference philosophically and religiously for many people. Many people who had previously considered themselves good people suddenly found that they could no longer hide behind the legality of the situation. Instead, King forced them to take the issue of equality to heart and think of it from their conscious and not just from the law. They were no longer able to argue that it was okay by the law so that must make it right. King found the right words to explain that equality was everyone’s responsibility and that unless people were willing to work for justice, no one would have it. Thesis: In his â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. challenges the preconceived notions of his fellow clergymen and argues that â€Å"injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.†Ã‚   (King, 1963 Outline: â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† I.      Summary and historical context II.    Why Birmingham? a.    Worst racism in the South b.    Negotiation failed c.   New leadership might mean an opportunity for change. III. Why direct action? a. Civil disobedience draws attention b. Unjust laws should not be obeyed c. Christian history of action IV.   Conclusion King’s letter was intended as an answer to critics, a reply to those who did not understand the reality of the Southern African American and the way that they were being discriminated against.   Instead, it served as an outline for social justice and for achieving equality. How to cite â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† Dr. Martin Luther, Essay examples

Betjemans poetry reveals Essay Example For Students

Betjemans poetry reveals Essay Do you agree? You should base your answer on a detailed examination of two of the following:  Senex; Indoor Games near Newbury; and an appropriate poem of your choice.  Perhaps it is true to say that the poem Indoor Games near Newbury depicts the painting of an unfilled longing for youth. The poem does indeed reveal almost a nostalgic longing for a time of young age of blissful youth where love is a wonderful innocence that is free from the cluttering troubles that adulthood brings. This longing for youth may, in fact, be nothing more than unfilled, for it is here that the poet exudes a certain degree of wishful thinking; of a desire to relive the wonderful simplicity of what he has had. The poem is itself littered with light sexual innuendos: that dark and furry cupboard; hard against your party frock; and the sheets caressing all radiate a deep eroticism, with emphasis being provided to childlike delight in lexis suggested ever so subtly. Stanza four of Indoor Games near Newbury introduces a slight change in tone. Love so pure it had to end connotes an idea of great significance of being frightened by a burgeoning awareness of the childs own sexuality. Here, Betjeman introduces a rather audacious rhyme scheme: Love so strong that I was frightend/ When you gripped my fingers tight and. The technique in which the poet rhymes the adjective frightend with the two words tight and evokes a kind of necessary bathos in the poem. Consequently, comic undertones arise, thus stopping the reader dwelling on this idea of love as a serious reality, but instead more of a fantasised idealism. It is, therefore, indeed an unfilled longing for youth that is revealed to the reader, since the uncomplicated nature of love in youth; its blessing beauty; and its deep innocence; portrays precisely this. It is unfilled in the sense that the love present isnt a strong reality, but more of a metaphorical dream that can never be filled unless it lasts for ever more. The poem Senex equally presents an unfilled longing for youth. A degree of self-jocularity is evidently present, with a critic claiming that Betjeman is mocking the self that he is afraid he will one day become. Indeed, Senex is, in fact, a mocking satire on Actaeon a mythology whereby a youth sees the naked goddess Diana. Betjeman paints vivid imagery with his diction, and icy as an icicle being a prominent one. This is a nonsensical simile with connotations of the harshness of the winter season, which may also in fact be symbolic of the narrators life: he nears the winter of his life. Moreover, the phrase elegantly forces the reader to confront the apparent inability of the poet to come to terms with an appropriate simile, hence greatly exaggerating this terrible coldness of age. The title of the poem itself, Senex, applies even greater emphasis to the very dichotomy between youth and old age; between the ironic coldness that exists between birth and death. The title is Latin for old man echoing a crude and somewhat satirical twist of fortune for this man. Betjeman craftily juxtaposes both the persona and nature of this man with Actaeon; he plays with language more specifically in stanza four, where a complex, triple rhyme is used to present the poets idea of perhaps a greater complexity to life, of layers of symbolic connotations of meaning that this man has. Though he may be old, he is in fact a man of burning spirit, for it through this very man that a soul of youth is present. Of course, the fact remains that he rides on his tricycle, reliving a life of exultant childhood.

Tim Burton An Auteur Essay Example

Tim Burton: An Auteur? Paper My movies just sort of ended up being representative of the way I am   Burton  In Hollywood, where film making is a business ruled by profit and loss columns, and respect and admiration are bestowed upon film-makers by virtue of their films box-office success. Tim Burton is considered to be a genius blessed by the Midas touch. But while his films have to date reaped nearly a billion dollars worldwide, they are as far from being slaves to common-denominator commercialism or audience demographics as Burton himself is to fully embracing the Hollywood mainstream in which he has rather uneasily existed throughout his career. Burton began as an animator at Disney and has continued to operate within the studio system ever since, though he has remained largely removed from its financial imperatives and corporate mentality. Burtons characters are generally outsiders, misunderstood and misperceived, misfits very often encumbered by some degree of duality. They operate on the fringes of their own particular society, tolerated but pretty much left to their own devices. In many ways Burton embodies that contradiction himself: he is embraced for his successes, but in all other ways Hollywood and he maintain a respectful distance from one another. Consequently his work has remained as idiosyncratic, imaginative, delightful and refreshingly inventive as his first film, the five-minute stop-motion short Vincent. We will write a custom essay sample on Tim Burton: An Auteur? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tim Burton: An Auteur? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tim Burton: An Auteur? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Themes present in his work:  1. Characters are generally outsiders, misunderstood and misperceived, misfits very often encumbered by some degree of duality.   Batman and Batman Returns deeply disturbed, deeply psychological, full of frustration and characters with major personality disorders, including the hero himself. (Danger of making big-budget movies, interested in things he relates to.)   Pee Wee Herman alienation as a theme trying to find his bicycle.  Dark Knight (not a comic book fan) disturbed alienated split personality emotional connection Edward Scissorhands (most personal connection to a character in his films) outsider figures in society.  Nightmare Before Christmas misception, isolation and longing. Jack embraced by society but existing on its fringes and longing to find his inner happiness.  Ed Wood another outsider a film-maker and transvestite who existed on fringes of Hollywood society, whose relationship with childhood idol Bela Lugosi, said to mirror in some ways Burtons relationship with Vincent Price.  Mars Attacks argued not to have Burtons style he says whilst the police etc cant destroy the aliens it is the outsider, the unloved the Grandma + donut employee who find a way to kill the aliens. 2. Relationships with childhood experiences and his films are usually teenage or early years of his life.  At the age of twelve he moved in with his grandmother, later into an apartment which she owned and he paid her rent relationship with her in Mars Attack Environment of Burbank where he lived, from an early age he felt like an outsider, one feeling that he would later portray in Edward Scissorhands. He was moderately destructive as a child, ripping off heads of toys and terrorizing other children.  Would seek refuge in cinemas on his own watching horror films. Hammer Horrors Sleepy Hollow, casting Christopher Lee from Dracula.  Huge fan of Vincent Price and actor Vincent and Ed Wood Price contributed the narrator in Vincent.  3. Symbolic icons in his films are recognisable.  -black and white stripes are seen in almost every single one of his films especially in clothing Edward Scissorhands, Charlie The Chocolate Factory etc.